3GPP release 16 - Date 2019
The most notable enhancements to existing features in release 16 are within the areas of multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming enhancements, dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), dual connectivity (DC), and carrier aggregation (CA), and user equipment (UE) power saving.
Multiple-input, multiple-output and beamforming enhancements
Release 16 introduces enhanced beam handling and channel-state information (CSI) feedback, likewise as support for transmission to one UE from multiple transmission points (multi-TRP) and full-power transmission from multiple UE antennas within the uplink (UL). These enhancements increase throughput, reduce overhead, and/or provide additional robustness. Additional mobility enhancements enable reduced handover delays, particularly when applied to beam-management mechanisms used for deployments in millimeter (mm) wavebands.
Dynamic spectrum sharing
DSS provides an economical and efficient solution for enabling a smooth transition from 4G to 5G by allowing LTE and NR to share the identical carrier. In release 16, the quantity of rate-matching patterns available in NR has been increased to permit spectrum sharing when CA is employed for LTE.
Dual connectivity and carrier aggregation
Release 16 reduces latency for setup and activation of CA/DC, thereby resulting in improved system capacity and therefore the ability to attain higher data rates. Unlike release 15, where measurement configuration and reporting doesn't happen until the UE enters the fully connected state, in release 16 the connection may be resumed after periods of inactivity without the requirement for extensive signaling for configuration and reporting . Additionally, release 16 introduces aperiodic triggering of CSI reference signal transmissions just in case of the aggregation of carriers with different numerology.
User equipment power saving
To reduce UE power consumption, release 16 includes a reveille together with enhancements to regulate signaling and scheduling mechanisms .
5G NR release 16 – new verticals and deployment scenarios
The most notable new verticals and deployment scenarios addressed in release 16 are within the areas of:
- Integrated access and backhaul (IAB)
- Features associated with Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC)
- Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communications
- Positioning.
- Integrated access and backhauling
- 5GS Enhanced support of Vertical and LAN Services
- Cellular IoT support and evolution
- Advanced V2X support
- 5G Location and Positioning Services
- UE radio capability signaling optimization
- Satellite Access in 5G
- Enablers for Network Automation Architecture for 5G
- Wireless and Wireline Convergence Enhancement
- Mission Critical, Public Warning, Railways and Maritime
- Streaming and TV
- User Identities, Authentication, multi-device
- (Network) Slicing
- Other cross-TSG Release 16 Features
- NR-related Release 16 Features
- Release 16 Features impacting both LTE and NR
- LTE-related Release 16 Features
IAB provides an alternate to fiber backhaul by extending NR to support wireless backhaul [8]. As a result, it's possible to use NR for a wireless link from central locations to distributed cell sites and between cell sites. this will simplify the deployment of small cells, for instance, and be useful for temporary deployments for special events or emergency situations. IAB may be utilized in any waveband during which NR can operate. However, it's anticipated that the mm-wave spectrum is the foremost relevant spectrum for the backhaul link. Furthermore, the access link may either operate within the same waveband because of the backhaul link (known as inband operation) or by employing a separate waveband (out-of-band operation).
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